With the country facing increasing natural disasters driven by climate change, Bhutan’s disaster preparedness remains inadequate. This is according to the World Bank’s recent “Crisis Preparedness Gap Analysis” policy brief. This year alone, Bhutan has already experienced around five reported forest fire cases and an earthquake, highlighting the natural hazards the country is vulnerable to. According to the document, the country’s disaster management remains largely reactive, focusing on responding to and recovering from disasters after their occurrence.
The document highlights that Bhutan’s heavy reliance on agriculture and hydro-power makes it particularly vulnerable. Hydro-power alone accounts for 13 per cent of Bhutan’s GDP and 30 per cent of government revenue, yet its infrastructure is exposed to floods and landslides. It says, despite the rising frequency of disasters, Bhutan’s disaster management approach remains largely reactive, with rarely conducted emergency drills and unclear contingency plans.
According to the study, the emigration of around 64,000 people, or 9 per cent of the population, since 2015 has further strained the country’s ability to manage disasters. This includes a loss of key professionals, creating gaps in technical expertise that hamper disaster response and risk reduction.
The findings also reveal financial constraints in Bhutan’s disaster management, relying heavily on foreign aid from organisations like the UN, the World Bank, and countries such as India, USA and Japan. The document states that although Bhutan has a National Disaster Management and Contingency Plan (NDMCP) in place, its implementation remains a significant challenge due to a lack of sufficient budgetary allocation.
In addition, it points out outdated technology, like the lack of a Geographic Information System or GIS-based system and weak early warning systems for floods, landslides, and disease outbreaks. It calls for upgrades, including better flood forecasting, satellite fire tracking, disease tracking and improved earthquake monitoring.
The document also calls for a better system for monitoring and maintaining buildings, especially older ones, and strengthening water and transport systems. Moreover, it recommends better protection for vulnerable people, such as agricultural insurance and a plan to strengthen food security.
Furthermore, it suggests clearly defining the roles of different agencies and setting up a strong system to track progress and ensure actions are carried out effectively.
The document is from the World Bank‘s assessment study carried out in collaboration with various stakeholders.
Karma Samten Wangda
Edited by Kipchu
